Thursday, January 30, 2020

Isolation and Resentment in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Isolation and Resentment in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, deals with two very distinct individuals: the young-but-foolish Victor Frankenstein and his creation, the â€Å"Monster†. Victor is the main focus of the novel for the beginning chapters, while the rest of the work focuses more on the development and actions of the Monster. The characters of Victor and the Monster are first brought together during the Monster’s creation in Chapter 4 (34). It was Victor’s isolation from both his family and his peers that ultimately lead to his creation of the Monster, and it was the Monster’s feelings of isolation and resentment towards Victor that lead to his violent episodes. While these feelings are evident in both characters’ actions throughout the majority of the novel, it was during the Monster’s statements to Captain Robert Walton towards the end of the story that drives home the fact that the Monster’s actions were products of his repeated rejections when he attempted to be accepted by society and as such are not indicative of his inherent nature. It was these feelings of loneliness and resentment that drove both Victor and the Monster to their actions, and it is safe to assume that some of Shelley’s personal feelings of abandonment and resentment towards her mother bled through into her characters. These feelings are made evident by way of the diction of the characters, both elements of and deviations from the Gothic stereotype, the development of the characters throughout the story and the lack of any definite closure to the text. Shelley’s use of eloquent and elaborate language by the main characters could be construed as ironic, in that such well-spoken characters have sunken into committing the most terrible of sins, namely those of murder and hubris. It is this irony that makes the isolation and resentment that Victor and the Monster feel stand out in the reader’s mind; two characters that are so articulate in their speech are reviled for their differences from the rest of society. The sophisticated diction of the Monster in the final pages of the novel helps to lend a feeling of bitterness and remorse to the text. However, the Monster’s eloquent speech does not sway the Captain, as evidenced in the first line â€Å"I was at first touched†¦indignation was rekindled within me. † (154). This shows that no matter how well-spoken an individual is and how sympathetic that person might be, normal society tends to shun those that are viewed as different, whether these differences are physical or in the way that they communicate. Such eloquence, as evidenced in the Monster’s speech â€Å"Once I falsely hoped to meet†¦thoughts of honor and devotion† (154), is a direct product of how a person was raised; those that are raised in an environment where they are kept isolated, whether by choice or through the influence of society tend to develop such oratory skills as a way of hopefully being accepted by those around them. However, more often than not, such well-defined articulation of one’s thoughts leads to such a person being further isolated from society, and as such feeds feelings of isolation and resentment. It was due to realistic depictions of societal reactions like these that helped to solidify Frankenstein’s place as a Gothic novel. Shelley uses many common elements of the Gothic novel in Frankenstein, and the themes of resentment and isolation can be connected to the characters through these elements. Victor is depicted as a â€Å"weak hero†, whose isolation from the world in the development of his creation leads him from an otherwise successful career as a scientist. It could be inferred that Victor’s resentment towards his creation, whom he subsequently abandons, stems not only from his disgust with himself and what he has created, but also from the opportunities denied to him as a result of his irresponsible pursuit of bestowing life upon that which should remain lifeless. Although Victor knew that creating life through artificial means would be considered taboo by his peers, he decided to proceed with the project regardless, letting his scientific curiosity overtake his rational intellect. After he brought the Monster to life, he was realized the irresponsibility of his actions. During this time, Victor had severe difficulties connecting to other people, and he gradually worked to further distance himself from the rest of society, which lead him into an extremely depressed state (. Although there were points in the novel where Victor was able to experience a very temporary reprieve from his mental torments, in his mind he would never be able to fully experience mental peace until one of them was dead. In contrast to Victor’s rather weak characterization, the Monster could be depicted as the â€Å"hero† of the story, in that even while he is committing murders that should sicken the reader, he is still portrayed as a sympathetic character, whose actions are driven by his feelings of abandonment, betrayal and resentment that Victor engenders in him through his various actions, as well of those of human society in regards to the Monster [i. e. The Monster’s episode with Felix]. It is understandably unclear if any the characters can be definitively labeled as a hero or villain, for even though they both have committed acts worthy of abhorrence and disgust, in a sense, they could be considered to be victims of abuse and neglect as well. Due to this, it can be argued that both Victor and the Monster are accurate representatives of the Gothic hero/villain. A final example of Gothic elements that Shelley incorporates into her novel is that of the heroine in distress, in this case Elizabeth. Elizabeth is a good example of a heroine because she is a strong female character who is independent and dedicated, especially to the Frankenstein family after Victor’s mother dies. However, she breaks the classic Gothic mold of a heroine by the fact that she is a patient woman who almost never takes action for herself, and it is for this reason as well as Victor’s negligence on their wedding night that she ends up being killed by the Monster in the novel. Victor’s neglect towards Elizabeth on their wedding night could be due to his isolation during his developmental years, and as such was not comfortable in being tied down to Elizabeth. Victor appeared to have developed in a fairly normal manner, due to the fact that he had experienced a childhood that would be considered normal for the noble class in that time. This continues to be the case until he takes it upon himself match the power of God and attempt to bestow life. From this point, his experiments and eventual creation become his only obsession, and he can no longer interact with other people, even those that he sees on a daily basis while at the college. Victor is unable to communicate with other in any meaningful way during this time, as his mind is always preoccupied with thoughts regarding the monster he is responsible for giving life to. Based on this behavior, it gives credence to the question if Victor ever matured any further as an individual once he arrived at the college. In contrast, the Monster’s experiences during the period of his mental and emotional development were always abrupt and sometimes violent. This occurred when he realized that he would forever be rejected by the human race, as his physical appearance was so ghastly that all those that came in his presence were immediately stricken with fear as evidenced by Even his creator, Victor, who to the Monster’s understanding should love him even if others refused to, was so terrified of the Monster that he refused to fulfill his romise in making the Monster a companion. It is understandable that from that point on, â€Å"all joy was but a mockery† (116) to the Monster, and he decided that the sole purpose in his life was to destroy any and all the things that brought pleasure or comfort to his creator. These events are similar because they both represent periods in which these characters no longer are able to have significant social interactions with those around them. Dur ing his development, the monster was able to have many of the same experiences as a human would. For example, he was able to feel a wide range of emotions, from pleasure to hate, even pride and remorse; he developed intellectually through both his learning from books and his [unpleasant] interactions with society; he learned [much in the way that a child does] to use his physical senses to tell him about his environment. However, because of his grotesque appearance, he was made to feel that he would never accepted as a member of human society, and many of his interactions with humans gave no reason to dissuade him from such a belief. In Captain Walton’s final letter to his sister (154), he recounts the words that the monster speaks to him over Victor’s dead body. The eruption of angry self-pity the Monster displays brings into question the injustice of how he has been treated and compellingly captures and portrays the feelings of isolation and resentment he has experienced in regards to his interactions with society, providing both Walton and the reader a glimpse into the suffering that has motivated his actions. It was these feelings that lead the Monster to disappear with Victor’s corpse, presumably to avoid contact with any others of mankind until he eventually dies; however, the ending of the text is rather ambiguous, so it is possible that the Monster decided to return to revenge himself upon mankind. At the closure of Frankenstein, Shelley does not provide a well-defined ending. The last line, reading â€Å"He sprung from the cabin-window†¦lost in darkness and distance† (156), leaves the reader responsible for deciding how they believe the story concluded. The ending can be regarded as having been left open because although the story does provide a conclusion [in that it may be assumed that the creature took his own life after departing Walton’s ship], there is not enough concrete evidence provided in the text to prove beyond a doubt that this is indeed what occurred. It is entirely possible that the Monster would be unable to let go of his hatred of Victor, and by extension, mankind due to his isolation. Just because his â€Å"creator† died does not necessarily mean that he could let his emotions go, and it is this possibility that shows just how differently people view things; the reader can make of the ending what they will, but they will never know for sure how Shelley would have ended it otherwise. Through the speech of the characters, the Gothic elements applied in the text, the characters’ developments and the rather obscure ending of Frankenstein, it is evidently clear that Mary Shelley believes that isolation and resentment play key roles in how people relate to others, and how they develop their own behaviors. It is through the medium of her novel that allows her to express these beliefs, and she provides plenty of evidence in her text to back up these beliefs. The feelings of isolation and resentment that Victor and the Monster both felt towards society were key aspects of their personalities, and were the main driving forces behind their various actions made through the course of the text.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

The Impact of Globalization on Poverty Essay -- Outsourcing, Offshorin

Globalization has helped raise the standard of living for many people worldwide. It has also, however, driven many deeper into poverty. Small businesses and third world countries are not capable of updating their technology as often as their larger, wealthier counterparts. Unable to compete with multinational firms and wealthy nations, small businesses and third world countries and forced to do business locally, never growing and reaching their full potential. Technological advances are made daily throughout the world. However, it is expensive to rapidly make and transport these advances globally. This high production cost causes the consumer’s price to be unnecessarily high. Today, there are many countries in the world that cannot afford to pay such a high price for the latest technology, and by the time they can afford to pay, newer, more advanced technology exists. The democratization of technology benefits mainly the wealthier countries. Technological advances not only benefit wealthy countries, but also wealthier companies. Technological advancements allow countries and their companies worldwide publicity when they are successful. Because investors are able to easily invest on the Internet, on the telephone, and through facsimile machines, the profits of companies have increased greatly. Currency traders all over the world have also been able to update exchange rates and notify the public of the updates more rapidly. This has led to more desire to finalize deals because companies are able to be sure that they are receiving competitive exchange rates. Swissair, an airline based in Switzerland, even moved its entire accounting division from Switzerland to India simply because the accountants in India are among the best in the world. They were able to do this because all of the information from their new office halfway around the world was transmitted through the use of technologically advanced devices. Because labor is cheaper and the workers are more skilled in India, the company benefited in two ways. For the same reasons as in India, Thailand has moved from being primarily a rice-producing nation, to the world’s second largest producer of pickup trucks and fourth largest producer of motorcycles (Solbrig). As far back as the invention of the telephone, the countries with the best economies were the most technologically advanced. ... ...Claas van der Linde. Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives. (Fall 2009) pp. 97-118. Solbrig, O. T. et al. Globalization and Technology. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2014. Tietenberg, Thomas. Globalization Economics. Addison Wesley: New York, 2011. pp. 561. pp. 7-11. Internet Sources Consulted "Globalization." - National Geographic Education. National Geographic, n.d. Web. 14 May 2015. LONDON. "When Did Globalisation Start?" The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 23 Sept. 2013. Web. 15 May 2015. "Globalization." Defination & Example. Investing Answers, 2001-2014. Web. 15 May 2015. Olivero, Tina. "Globalization: Understanding the Impact of Globalization on Our World." Global Oil and Gas Industry News. 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. Ager, Rob. "Collative Learning - Rob Ager." Collative Learning - Rob Ager. N.p., 2007. Web. 22 May 2015. Collins, Mike. "The Pros And Cons Of Globalization." Manufacturing . Net. Saving American Manufacturing, 28 June 2010. Web. 26 May 2015. Fitzpatrick, Liam. "The Best of Asia." Time. Time Inc., 27 Apr. 2007. Web. 26 May 2015.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Questions on Psychology

1.Which of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances?A. Plant-based psychoactive drugs are uncommon today and rarely used. B. Today marijuana is the only plant-based psychoactive substance that is still used. C. All plants that yield psychoactive substances are illegal today. D. About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal.2. The Gin Epidemic†¦E. is a mythF. was brought under control through high taxes and the strict regulation of the sale of ginG. devastated the Middle EastH. is a current problem3. The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?I. to provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its shipsJ. to produce psychoactive drugs derived from cannabis that could be sold to other countriesK. to ensure that the colonists would be high most of the time and therefore easier to control L. as a means of payment to slave laborers4. Listed below are three different sequential variations of drugs in the opiate family.Which one accurately represents the order in which the drugs were discovered and used (from left to right, representing oldest to newest drug forms).M. opium, heroin, morphineN. morphine, opium, hydromorphoneO. opium, morphine, heroinP. hydromorphone, morphine, heroin 5. According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, a psychoactive drug is defined as†¦Q. any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous systemR. any substance that is illicit or illegalS. those substance that cause numbness and drowsinessT. hose substances that cause increased energy and alertness6. The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously.U. trueV. false7. To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving.W. trueX. false8. The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitters’ function.Y. trueZ. false9. A person’s level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.truefalse10. Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.truefalse11. Passive transport occurs when water-soluble drugs such as cocaine cross the blood-brain barrier by hitching a ride on molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier. _.truefalse12. Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream.a. trueb. false13. The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous ystem target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.c. trued. false14. The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain.e. truef. false15. The compulsive gambler’s reward/control pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addiction.g. trueh. false16. On which part of the body does long-term use of stimulants (e. g. , nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) have the most significant impact?i. skeletal systemj. muscular systemk. digestive system . cardiovascular system17. The neurotransmitter most often involved in the use of strong stimulants is dopamine, which triggers feelings of†¦m. hunger satisfaction/satietyn. apathyo. extreme thirstp. emotional depression18. Cocaine epidemics†¦q. last for centuriesr. occur in cycles every few generationss. are fictitioust. have been exaggerated19. Which form and method of using cocaine produces the most intense immediate high?u. chewing pure coca leavesv. snorting powdered cocainew. smoking crack cocainex. ingestion of cocaine in a beverage 20.20. How long wi ll the high from snorting a typical dose of powder cocaine (0. 2 to 0. 5 grams) generally last?y. 1 minutez. 5 to 20 minutes {. 40 to 60 minutes |. 2 to 3 hours21. How long will the high from smoking a typical dose of crack cocaine (1 rock) generally last? }.1 minute ~.5 to 20 minutes40 to 60 minutes2 to 3 hours22. How long will the high from a typical oral or snorted dose of amphetamine generally last? .40 to 60 minutes1 to 2 hours2 to 3 hours4 to 6 hours23. The illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in the United States today is due to the involvement of†¦ .iker gangs like the Hell’s Angelsrenegade pharmaceutical and industrial chemists.Mexican gangs and drug cartelsColombian cartels24. Continued smoking to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal is known as†¦inverse tolerancenegative drug reinforcementpositive drug reinforcementreverse tolerance25. Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker ?increases blood pressure and heart ratestimulates appetitesatisfies the nicotine craving for the rest of the dayall of the above26. What is the half-life of caffeine? . 40 minutes . 1 to 2 hours . 3 to 7 hours . 24 to 48 hours27. Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers? . 10% . 25% . 50% . 80%28. Which of the following best describes one of the health benefits of quitting smoking? . The risk of heart attack is eliminated within a week of quitting. . Lung cancer rates to drop to the rate of nonsmokers after 40 years of nonsmoking. . Within just 20 minutes of quitting, blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature of hands and feet drop to normal. Within five days coughing, sinus congestion, and shortness of breath decrease.29. Drinking alcohol before using cocaine will do which of the following? 1. prolong and intensify cocaine’s effects 2. cancel each other out because one is a stimulant and one is a depressant 3. create cocaethylene , which increases violent tendencies 4. create narcalon, which decreases the stimulant effects of cocaine . results 2 and 4 only . results 1 and 3 only . results 1, 2, 3, and 4 . none of the above30. Prolonged use of strong stimulants (e. g. , cocaine, methamphetamine) results in which of the following? . depletion of the body’s energy resources 2. enhancement of the body’s energy resources 3. cellular and organ damage 4. paranoia . results 1 and 4 only . results 2, 3, and 4 only . results 1, 3, and 4 only . results 2 and 3 only31. The primary illegitimate source for obtaining prescription drugs, such as OxyContin, Vicodin, and Xanax, is over the Internet. . true . false32. The number of people in the United States who overdose on heroin is greater than the number who overdose on any other type of opioid, including hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone. . true . false33.Treatment for addiction to opiates requires physical detoxification and psychological correction. . true . false34. Using a needle continuously to inject drugs in the same blood vessels can cause them to collapse. . true . false35. An individual who is under the influence of heroin will have dilated pupils. . true . false36. Depressants affect the central nervous system by elevating the user’s blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and respiration. . true . false37. Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines. true . false38. Human beings have naturally occurring (endogenous) opioids, which cause many of the same effects as those caused by taking opioid drugs (exogenous). . true . false39. The majority of heroin available in the United States comes from Afghanistan. . true . false40. Opiates block the release of substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell. . true . false41. The â€Å"stop† switch in the brain, which tells your mind and body that it has had enough and disrupts the addictive cycle, is located in the brain stem. true . false42. Overdose deaths involving opioids most commonly include their combined use with other legal or licit substances like alcohol, benzodiazepines, or antidepressants. . true . false43. One of the symptoms of chronic opiate use is itchy skin. . true . false44. Law enforcement and treatment personnel can get a strong indication of what type of drug a person is using from the size of his pupils. . true . false45. Opioids, such as hydrocodone (Vicodin), usually suppress nausea and vomiting. . true . false46.Psychedelics come only from natural plant sources. . true . false47. Synesthesia is defined as the crossing of senses, such as when visual input becomes sound. . true . false48. The entire U. S. supply of LSD for one year weighs about 11 pounds. A. true B. false49. In addition to their psychedelic effects, all arounders also depress the central nervous system. . true . false50. The strength of LSD/â€Å"acid† available on the streets today is stronger than the LSD/â€Å"acid† that was widely available on the streets in the 1960s and 1970s. . true . false51.Tolerance to LSD develops quickly, within days of daily use. . true . false52. Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive use. . true . false53. Psilocybin mushrooms cause less disassociation, panic, and psychotic reactions compared with LSD. . true . false54. People who take LSD may experience flashbacks (re-experiencing symptoms of a trip) that are similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. . true . false55. A â€Å"fry† is a marijuana joint dipped in formaldehyde or embalming fluid, dried, and then smoked. . true . false56. Hashish is made from†¦ pressed psilocybin mushrooms . cannabis resin . synthetic chemical compounds . tobacco57. Marijuana has been illegal in the United States since†¦ . 1776 . 1850 . 1937 . 149258. A s of 2011 an ounce of marijuana in the United States costs†¦ . $100 to $150 . $200 to $400 . $500 to $600 . $800 to $1,00059. Marijuana in the urine of a regular user is detectable for†¦ . 1 to 2 days . 7 to 14 days . 3 to 6 weeks . 3 to 6 months60. The hallucinating effects of salvia divinorum last for†¦ . 30 minutes . 1 to 2 hours . 6 to 8 hours . 12 to 24 hours

Monday, January 6, 2020

Alzheimer s Disease A Progressive Degenerative Disease

Introduction Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain from which there is no recovery. There are three brain abnormalities that are the hallmarks of the Alzheimer’s disease is initially caused by plaques buildup in the brain’s neurons as illustrated in figure 1. The support structure that allows the flow of the nutrients through the neurons gets damaged and ultimately there is loss of connection among the neurons and they die off (National Institute of Health, 2015). This causes the brain tissue to shrinks, which is called atrophies. All this ultimately lead the victim of this disease to face difficulties in governing emotions, recognize errors and patterns, coordinate movement, and remember. Ultimately, a person with AD loses all memory and mental functioning. On November 26th 1901, Alois Alzheimer, an assistant physician at the psychiatric institution in Frankfurt met Auguste D, aged 51 (Berrios , 2004). After talking to her and carrying out the preliminary diagnostics, the physicist realized during talking to her that his patient was giving different answers to the same questions. She also often stopped mid-sentence as if she had forgotten what she was going to say. She seemed confused and anxious. When she died, Alzheimer received her brain for analysis. When he was inspecting the brain, he came to notice the neurons had thick, strongly staining fibrils. Moreover, the cortex was full of plaques of unknown composition. Auguste D’s brainShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Degenerative Disease Of The Brain981 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that gradually destroys brain cells, affecting a person’s memory and their ability to learn, make judgments, communicate and carry ou t basic daily activities. The disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain. 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